Memory Allocation

1. malloc - Allocates a single block of memory. Initialized to garbage values. Returns a pointer to the first byte of the allocated memory that can be casted into any type.

ptr = (cast-type*) malloc(byte-size)

2. calloc - Allocates memory in the heap and initializes the memory to zero.

ptr = (cast-type*) calloc(n, element-size);

3. free - Deallocates memory.

free(ptr);

4. realloc - Reallocates memory, and the old content will be copied to the new memory area.

ptr = realloc(ptr, newSize);